Paycheck Calculator

Your net paycheck is determined by subtracting all mandatory withholdings and voluntary deductions from your gross pay. The process begins with your gross earnings for the pay period, then subtracts federal income tax (based on your W-4 filing status and allowances), FICA taxes (Social Security and Medicare), and any applicable state and local taxes. The remaining amount, after voluntary deductions like retirement contributions and insurance premiums, is your take-home pay.

Federal income tax withholding is calculated based on the information you provide on IRS Form W-4, including your filing status and any adjustments for dependents or additional income. Your employer uses IRS withholding tables to determine the appropriate amount to deduct from each paycheck. The goal is to withhold an amount close to your actual annual tax liability so you neither owe a large balance nor receive an excessive refund at tax time.

FICA taxes are a fixed percentage deducted from every paycheck: 6.2% for Social Security (on earnings up to $168,600 in 2024) and 1.45% for Medicare (with no income cap). High earners pay an additional 0.9% Medicare surtax on wages exceeding $200,000 for single filers. Your employer matches these contributions dollar for dollar, meaning the total FICA contribution on your behalf is 15.3% of your gross pay.

State income tax withholding varies dramatically depending on where you work. Nine states, including Texas, Florida, and Washington, impose no state income tax at all. Among states that do tax income, rates range from a flat 3.07% in Pennsylvania to a progressive system reaching 13.3% in California. Some localities, such as New York City and certain Ohio municipalities, also impose additional local income taxes that further reduce your paycheck.